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Nangong Kuo (disciple of Confucius)

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Nangong Kuo
Yuan Dynasty depiction of Nangong Kuo
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinNángōng Kuò
Wade–GilesNan-kung K'uo
Courtesy Name
Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZǐróng
Wade–GilesTzu-jung
Middle Chinese
Middle ChineseTsi Yowng
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)Tsəʔ Goŋ
Nan Rong
Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinNán Róng
Wade–GilesNan Jung
Middle Chinese
Middle ChineseNom Yowng
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)Nˁəm Goŋ
Nangong Tao
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinNángōng Tāo
Wade–GilesNan-kung T'ao
Posthumous Titles
Count of Tan
Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTánbó
Wade–GilesT'an-po
Marquis of Gongqiu
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGōngqiū Hóu
Wade–GilesKung-ch'iu Hou
Marquis of Ruyang
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinRǔyáng Hóu
Wade–GilesJu-yang Hou

Nangong Kuo (fl. 5th century BC), commonly known as Nan Rong and also known by his courtesy name Zirong and as Nangong Tao, was a major disciple of Confucius.[1][2][3] Commending Nangong Kuo as a gentleman of virtue, Confucius gave the student his niece in marriage.[1]

Life

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Nangong Kuo was a native of the state of Lu.[3] His dates of birth and death are not known.[1]

The Analects (14.5) records Nangong Kuo's observation that Hou Yi and Ao (), powerful military leaders, both ended up being killed; while Yu the Great and Hou Ji, men who took care of the land, ended up with "possession of the world."[4] Confucius commended Nangong as a junzi, a gentleman of virtue.[4] He gave his niece, the daughter of his elder brother Mengpi, to Nangong in marriage.[1][3][5]

When Nangong Kuo was serving Duke Ai of Lu, a fire broke out at the palace. While others attempted to secure the contents of the treasury, Nangong focussed on saving the palace library. He was then credited with the preservation of the state's copy of the Rites of Zhou, among other ancient texts.[2]

Nangong Jingshu

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Some scholars identify Nangong Kuo with Nangong Jingshu (南宮敬叔), the younger son of Meng Xizi, head of the powerful Mengsun clan of Lu,[1][2] but this identification is disputed by others.[6] Meng Xizi was an admirer of Confucius and, on his deathbed, he urged his two sons, Meng Yizi and Nangong Jingshu, to study with the Master, which they did.[1] Nangong Jingshu was largely responsible for Confucius' journey to the court of the Zhou king to study the rites and songs there.[1][2]

Posthumous titles

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During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong posthumously awarded Nangong Kuo the title of Count of Tan. During the Song dynasty, he was further awarded the titles of Marquis of Gongqiu and Marquis of Ruyang.[7]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Confucius 1997, p. 205.
  2. ^ a b c d Legge 2009, p. 119.
  3. ^ a b c d Han 2010, pp. 4617–8.
  4. ^ a b Confucius & Slingerland 2006, pp. 41–2.
  5. ^ Yang Bojun postulates that Mengpi was likely dead at the time, which explains why Confucius chose the husband for his niece.[3]
  6. ^ Cai 1992, pp. 150–1.
  7. ^ Wu Xiaoyun. 南宮括 [Nangong Kuo] (in Chinese). Taipei Confucian Temple. Retrieved 10 November 2014.

Bibliography

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